How to Write a Business Proposal Free Essays

A strategic agreement is maybe one of the most basic archives you have to figure out how to compose. It is the thing that spells the distinction among progress and disappointment, regardless of whether you’re a specialist or you have your very own organization. In today’s relentless business world, business visionaries end up going through a long time submitting strategic plans to possible customers, and not get any outcomes. We will compose a custom article test on The most effective method to Write a Business Proposal or on the other hand any comparative theme just for you Request Now Then again, there are those that resemble marksmen, ready to get the agreement after simply submitting one strategic plan. So how would they do it? All things considered, this article will instruct you tell you the best way to do only that. The Basics of a Business Proposal Before you even proceed to begin composing that strategic plan, you should initially comprehend what it is and realize the nuts and bolts. A strategic plan is a composed report that offers a specific item or administration to an expected purchaser or customer. There are commonly two sorts of strategic agreements: requested strategic agreements (which are submitted in light of an ad distributed by the purchaser or customer) and spontaneous recommendations (submitted or offered out to possible purchasers or customers despite the fact that they are not mentioning for one). Strategic plan versus Marketable strategy Regularly, the terms â€Å"business proposal† and â€Å"business plan† are utilized conversely, giving you the feeling that they are indeed the very same. In any case, they are definitely not. A strategic plan is made to offer an item or administration to a purchaser or customer. Then again, a marketable strategy is a â€Å"formal explanation of a lot of business goals† and how these would be accomplished. The last is just piece of what is remembered for a strategic plan. 3 Ps of a Winning Business Proposal The mystery behind composing a triumphant strategic plan and one that will simply be put aside is the nearness of what I call the 3 Ps: issue explanation, proposed arrangement, and evaluating data. Issue Statement A fruitful strategic agreement must be one that can depict to the customer what their needs are in an easy way. This is extremelyâ vital in light of the fact that how might you anticipate that the customer should accept that you can assist them with taking care of their issues in the event that you don’t even know are these issues? Here’s a case of an elegantly composed issue articulation of a strategic plan: With the nearness of online networking in today’s propelling world, Puffin Media Inc. dithered to make the jump from customary advertising to online life promoting. Their showcasing strategies appear to lose viability and the organization feels as though they are passing up a huge fragment of their market. Likewise, their opposition has started getting most of the business in the market and have brought Puffin Media’s developing incomes to an end. Proposed Solution The principle goal of presenting a strategic agreement is to offer an answer for an issue looked by a planned customer. This part ought to be as nitty gritty as could be expected under the circumstances, and ready to address every single need you have found. Here’s a model: The arrangement that is suggested for Puffin Media Inc. is to send their organization on the entirety of the significant web-based social networking channels; be that as it may, there is a significant distinction in making web based life stages as opposed to making a brand you can advance on those stages. A promoting effort must be made using these media channels and making quick commitment with your crowd. With the end goal for this to be fruitful, you realize how to make deals. At first, procure a few fans, supporters, endorsers, and associations and welcome them to go along with you specifically conversation or go to a particular occasion. The motivation behind this isn't just to advance Puffin Media Inc, yet in addition to request criticism from the intended interest group. Estimating Information For some customers, the estimating data is the thing that will cause them to choose whether they would offer you the agreement or not. The most effective method to compose this part extraordinarily relies upon the arrangement or arrangements you remembered for the past fragment. On the off chance that the arrangement proposed will just involve a brief timeframe, a Fee Summary will get the job done. For longer undertakings, portion these installments to explicit achievements in a Fee Schedule list. Things to Remember When Writing a Business Proposal Since you know the fundamentals of a triumphant strategic agreement, it’s time to feel free to begin composing, isn't that so? All things considered, not actually. The following part is to have the option to discover what to put under the 3 Ps with the goal that you can build up a strategic plan that stands out enough to be noticed and grants you that agreement. Do Your Research Not all customers and purchasers will give you the unequivocal subtleties of their needs and needs, particularly if you’re presenting a spontaneous strategic agreement. Stretch out your exploration to incorporate the contenders of your possible customer, and their clients too. This will guarantee that your strategic plan will be as complete and as point by point as could be expected under the circumstances. Come at the situation from their Perspective. Something else to recall when composing a strategic agreement is to consistently placed yourself in the shoes of your possible customers. Doing this will assist you with giving data on things that they would in all likelihood ask, for example, â€Å"Why would it be advisable for us to pay you this much sum for the arrangements you’re offering† and â€Å"How can these progressions advantage me?† Why You? On the off chance that you established that an organization or customer has certain necessities, odds are others would have done likewise. That implies that there will be others that have presented their particular recommendations to the organization or customer. That being stated, it is imperative to try to feature your gifts, understanding and different capabilities to persuade the customer why they ought to pick you or your organization. Composing that Business Proposal At the point when you got these, at that point you’re at long last ready to begin composing your strategic plan. Perhaps the most ideal ways on the best way to compose a powerful strategic agreement is to utilize a strategic agreement programming. Strategic agreement programming programs causes you compose your strategic plan without stressing over how they ought to be assembled and the substance that you have to incorporate. These projects contain two sorts of proposition layouts that you can utilize and re-use, contingent upon which one you have to compose. Notwithstanding the put away layouts, you can make your own proposition formats through these projects dependent on past recommendations you’ve made, making it even moreâ convenient for you and your business. A Final Word†¦ Despite the fact that strategic agreements present a similar data and have a similar format, it’s essential to require some serious energy and make every one interesting. Each venture is extraordinary, regardless of whether it’s with a similar organization. Keep in mind, a strategic plan must show how you or your organization can support a likely customer. Instructions to refer to How to Write a Business Proposal, Papers

Antisthenes Concept of Paideia :: Philosophy Philosophical Essays

Antisthenes' Concept of Paideia Conceptual: Antisthenes of Athens was a more seasoned understudy of Socrates who had recently concentrated under the Sophists. His philosophical inheritance additionally affected Cynic and early Stoic idea. Therefore, he has left us an intriguing hypothesis of paideia (perusing, composing, and expressions of the human experience) trailed by a significantly increasingly short one in divine paideia, the last comprising of figuring out how to get a handle on the precepts of reason so as to finish prudence. Once appropriately got a handle on, the student will never lose it since it is implanted in the heart with genuine conviction. Notwithstanding, there is a threat of being confounded by human realizing, which may postpone or hinder finishing divine paideia. Regardless, with the assistance of an instructor who gives an individual model, similar to Socrates or the legendary Centaur Chiron, the student gets an opportunity of arriving at their objective. Through a progression of legends, A ntisthenes gives us the establishments of his intelligent and moral hypothesis together. Thinking is both an approach to get a handle on temperance and furthermore to sustain it. In spite of the fact that he would have teased under an advanced college instructive framework, we may gain from him to esteem compact philosophical examinations as a vital subordinate to essential exercises in human sciences. Antisthenes of Athens (445-360 B.C.) is associated with being one of Socrates' more seasoned students. (1) indeed, he was mature enough to have originally concentrated under the skeptics, before he met Socrates. (2) He in this manner stands riding three significant periods throughout the entire existence of Greek way of thinking. As a fifth century savant, he replicated the talk of Gorgias in his celebrated Ajax and Odysseus discourses and like the critics, accepted that excellence was workable; getting by into the fourth century, he was paid attention to by Plato and Aristotle, creating expositions in which he propounded an individual consistent hypothesis of his own; (3) and as antecedent of Hellenistic Cynicism, he formed exchanges, showing new moral and social standards that reemerged after his passing in the instructing of Diogenes of Sinope and the Stoa. (4) In this paper, I might want to look at certain parts of Antisthenes' instructive hypothesis and his idea of paideia. In any event one of his lost Hercules discoursed, Antisthenes appears to have portrayed Hercules' visit to the Centaur Chiron and in this way to the Titan Prometheus. (5) Both these scenes credit to Hercules an alternate sort of paideia. The main scene is regularly associated with a the fanciful subject of Chiron's school, where the fair Centaur was said to have instructed saints and demi-divine beings different parts of paideia:

Business Argumentative Essay Topics - Part 1

Business Argumentative Essay Topics - Part 1Business argumentative essay topics are one of the most difficult tasks that you will ever have to tackle as a student of business. The reason for this is because the topics are so complex, with so many variables to consider, that you cannot simply blindly choose the topic of your argumentative essay. In fact, the topics can be so challenging that you may end up failing your business argumentative essay altogether!First of all, there are certain crucial parameters that you must take into account before choosing a topic. These are the choice of the topic; the setting or scenario in which you will write the argumentative essay; the style of writing that you will adopt in writing the essay; and finally, the qualifications of the writer. The first two points will be discussed later in this article; but in the meantime, the next point I want to make is that while it may be tempting to write an essay from the heart, the argumentative essay is bes t written from the objective point of view.For example, if you are writing a business argumentative essay about the options available to a company deciding between two different methods of doing business, and the obvious choice is the easier one, then you should be aware that there are possible reasons why the company could be making the choice they are making. Moreover, if you will be writing an argumentative essay on politics, you must be careful not to indulge in verbal political gamesmanship.In general, business argumentative essay topics should be well researched and well written. You may also need to use some third party data such as market research reports and other analytical data to support your argument. Finally, you must make sure that you do not resort to blatant arguments such as dogmatic statements that only make the writer look bad.In conclusion, you must keep in mind that it is your duty to write a strong and detailed argumentation, if you wish to remain in the busin ess writing field. To be successful, you must always ensure that you are writing from the point of view of an objective person and not from the point of view of your personal interest. This is the one thing that makes a great argumentative essay.In conclusion, if you are looking to complete a business or academic paper, it is very important that you are confident that you are actually doing this for the right reasons. If you are not confident, then I suggest that you should stop for a time and think if this is what you truly want to do.Of course, you must always aim to have a really interesting topic that you can write about. In the same way, you should also make sure that the content of your arguments is well written. If the content is poor, then you may be missing out on the opportunity to make a big impression to potential employers.I hope that I have shown you how to write a persuasive essay from the points of view of an objective researcher and not just some one that has been p ersuaded to have the best reason for something by social pressure. Therefore, write a compelling argumentative essay from the viewpoint of the best person for the job.

Solicitar visa de turista a EE.UU. desde otro país

Si se desea  solicitar una visa de turista (paseo o placer) para los Estados Unidos en un paà ­s que no es el de residencia habitual se deben seguir una serie de reglas porque no siempre es posible. Esta  solicitud se conoce en inglà ©s como peticià ³n de Third Country Nationals o TCNs, por sus siglas en inglà ©s.   Cuà ¡ndo no se puede solicitar visa de turista en Mà ©xico, Canadà ¡ o Bahamas Puede ocurrir que una persona extranjera se encuentre de visita en Mà ©xico, Canadà ¡ o Bahamas y, debido a su proximidad, desee ingresar tambià ©n a EE.UU. y, si no tiene visa de turista, considere en pedirla en ese momento. Segà ºn las normas actuales, en los siguientes dos casos no pueden solicitar visa de turista para Estados Unidos en Mà ©xico, Canadà ¡ o Bahamas las personas que no son  ciudadanas o residentes habituales de esos distritos cuando: En primer lugar, los solicitantes hubieran estado ilegalmente en algà ºn momento en los Estados Unidos. El caso mà ¡s frecuente es el de los extranjeros que no salieron dentro del plazo permitido provocando lo que se conoce en inglà ©s como overstay de la visa. Estas personas obligatoriamente deben solicitar la nueva visa en un consulado de los Estados Unidos en el paà ­s del que son nacionales o en el que residen habitualmente. En segundo lugar, todos los ciudadanos de los paà ­ses que Estados Unidos clasifica oficialmente como patrocinadores de terrorismo. En la actualidad, los paà ­ses incluidos en dicha lista son Corea del Norte, Irà ¡n, Sudà ¡n y Siria. Ademà ¡s, debe tenerse en cuenta que en los casos en los que sà ­ se puede solicitar la visa es habitual que los consulados estadounidenses que se encuentran ubicados en las ciudades fronterizas de Mà ©xico con Estados Unidos y de Canadà ¡ con EE.UU. no procesen, como regla general, las visas de turista para extranjeros que no son ni ciudadanos mexicanos ni residentes en ese paà ­s. Asimismo, dichos consulados ubicados a lo largo de la frontera tampoco tramitan habitualmente ninguna visa E si el solicitante no reside habitualmente en esa à ¡rea.  Hay diversos tipos de visas E, desde inmigrantes o las no inmigrantes de inversià ³n.   En los demà ¡s casos, se puede solicitar una visa de turista para Estados Unidos en cualquier embajada o consulado. En el caso de haber estado previamente como ilegal en Estados Unidos o de haber violado las condiciones de la visa, asegurarse primero de que es posible hacerlo en el consulado de eleccià ³n. Sin embargo,el que pueda solicitarse la visa en otro consulado no quiere decir que sea recomendable. Hay que evitar dar la impresià ³n de que se està ¡ buscando y comparando para decidirse por el consulado que podrà ­a juzgarse como mà ¡s permisivo a la hora de aprobar una visa. Esta prà ¡ctica es lo que se conoce en inglà ©s con el nombre de consulate shopping. Ademà ¡s, por motivos prà ¡cticos puede ser mà ¡s difà ­cil en estos casos de solicitudes presentadas fuera del paà ­s de residencia habitual acreditar lazos familiares y econà ³micos fuertes en el paà ­s en el que se reside, que es un requisito fundamental para sacar la visa de turista. Por à ºltimo, cabe destacar que aunque sà ­ que es cierto que los porcentajes de aprobacià ³n de la visa son diferentes por paà ­ses, no menos cierto es que la ley migratoria es la misma y se aplica por igual en todos los consulados de EE.UU. Cuà ¡ndo no es necesaria la visa de turista Los ciudadanos de 38 paà ­ses està ¡n dispensados de solicitar la visa de turista si desean ingresar a Estados Unidos por un mà ¡ximo de 90 dà ­as.   Este privilegio tambià ©n aplica, con carà ¡cter general, a las personas con doble nacionalidad y que tienen uno de esos pasaportes, aunque residan habitualmente en un paà ­s que sà ­ necesita visa.   Sin embargo, hay que tener en cuenta que lo que no se puede hacer es intentar utilizar uno de esos pasaportes que no requieren visa, como por ejemplo el italiano, el espaà ±ol o el chileno, cuando ya se ha tenido previamente una negacià ³n de visa con el otro pasaporte, como por ejemplo el argentino, el venezolano, etc. Puntos Clave: solicitar visa turista para EE.UU. desde paà ­s en el que no se reside habitualmente Las peticiones de una visa de turista para EE.UU. en un paà ­s diferente al de residencia habitual o al de la propia nacionalidad siguen unas reglas que se conocen como Third Country Nationals.Estas son las reglas que aplican a Mà ©xico, Canadà ¡ y Bahamas paà ­ses que, por su proximidad geogrà ¡fica a los Estados Unidos, son de interà ©s para los potenciales solicitantes de visa.No pueden solicitar visa de turista en Mà ©xico, Canadà ¡ o Bahamas los ciudadanos de terceros paà ­ses que previamente han estado en EE.UU. en situacià ³n de ilegalidad o que violaron las condiciones de sus visas.Tampoco pueden solicitarlas ls personas con pasaportes de paà ­ses declarados como patrocinadores de terrorismo: Irà ¡n, Corea del Norte, Siria y Sudà ¡n.Aà ºn en los casos en los que se puede solicitar la visa de turista, los consulados americanos a lo largo de la frontera entre Mà ©xico y EE.UU. y Canadà ¡ y EE.UU. solamente tramitan las solicitudes de los residentes en su distrit o.Aà ºn en los casos en los que està ¡ permitido sin ninguna restriccià ³n pedir la visa de turista en otro paà ­s, por ejemplo, un argentino en Colombia, debe evitarse dar la impresià ³n de estar haciendo lo que se conoce como consulate shopping.Los requisitos para obtener la visa americana son los mismos en todos los consulados y embajadas. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Marketing Tips For Writing And Marketing Consulting Essay

Marketing Your Valuable Skills If You ve Ever Considered Working for Yourself, How Do You Get Yourself Out There? I had always dreamed of working for myself–making my own rules and doing things on my terms sounding so appealing. Everyone has that moment at some point in their career, but how many take the plunge? It’s not always easy and certainly not even feasible in some situations, but for some it’s a risk that they’re willing to take. Sometimes it takes a push–for me I knew that I wanted to be home with my daughter, but still bringing in an income. I knew that freelance writing and marketing consulting was my thing, I had made other people rich using my skills and background. Now it was my turn! I’m newer to this than others, but I can tell you how I’m doing it and how others that I consider to be successful are making it work. First and foremost, you have to be a disciplined and motivated person. I had long held positions in Corporate America that allowed me to work from home, and I found that I got way more work done that way than being in the office which was full of distractions. I am somebody that will focus and get a task done, able to motivate myself and keep on track until my job is complete. Not everybody is that way, and if you struggle with any of those things then working on a freelance basis or getting your own company going may be tough. Marketing is key! I went into marketing for two reasons–I loved to write and I love people. I knew that marketing wasShow MoreRelatedEssay Professional and Personal Goals2159 Words   |  9 Pagesstandpoint, along with the business education I acquire from being in the EMBA program, I want to put them both to use building a web consulting firm that caters to the web development needs of educational institutions. 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Age Is Just a Number - 1540 Words

Age is just a Number What is age? Does age define who you are? As a nurse in Long term care for fifteen plus years I have learned to look past the number found in the persons chart. I have learned when I as a caregiver look past that number that represents the date the Elder was born; the Elder too tends to look beyond that number and will follow along leading to experiences one might not think Elders of LTC facilities might still accomplish. Here is what Betty has shared with me about her experiences with aging. I have had the privilege to care for Betty for six years. I have traveled with her to Baltimore Md., Albany, NY, and have shared eight weeks of cake decorating classes with her. The magic number inside Betty’s chart today reads†¦show more content†¦retiring may not be so harmful if the person actively maintains other roles, such as familial roles, recreational roles, volunteer amp; community roles. * To maintain a positive sense of self the person must substi tute new roles for those that are lost because of age. And studies show that the type of activity does matter, just as it does with younger people. I am the type of person that doesn’t take no for answer very easily. I offered Betty some encouragement and told her we could talk about it tomorrow. Betty must of lost sleep that night thinking about what it would mean to travel across the country again. You see Betty and Albert traveled the world together so to take a trip would be a good thing I thought, or would it? To my surprise when I arrived at Betty’s room the next day she practically had her suitcase packed. (The trip was still a month away) I assured her that I would be there the entire way and we would be just fine. The next month went by with Betty going through several emotions about the trip. Physically Betty was in pretty good shape for 83 or at least that was my perception. Betty has beautiful skin, with very few visible wrinkles of time. She hardly looks the age of 83. Betty and I made the trip and a grand time was had. In the days after our return home I started to see a new spark in Betty. Betty now wanted to go out again on those Friday nights to the VFW. 83 suddenlyShow MoreRelatedEssay on Lowering Drinking Age778 Words   |  4 Pagespeople out there that think that we should lower that age to eight teen. A group of 129 college presidents are actually asking that there at least be a discussion to the argument (Lewis et al, 2008). They think that it would stop all the underage drinking at colleges and would teach kids at an early age how to handle alcohol (Lewis et al, 2008). 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If the legal driving age in the United States is raised to 18 will there be a decrease of accidents? In the United States most states allow teenagers to have a learner’s permit and a driver’s license at age 16. Rising the legal driving age would cut down on car accidents and associated damages, cutRead MoreThe Legal Drinking Age Should Be Lowered Essay1548 Words   |  7 PagesIn the United States, the legal drinking age is twenty-one. In all fifty states, however, there are exceptions for underaged drinking at home, under adult supervision, or for medical purposes (â€Å"Drinking Age†). Overall, the legal opportunities for any person under twenty-one to legally drink alcohol are very scarce. There are many different points, made by people from both sides of the issue about whether or not to lower the drinking age to eighteen, or leave it where it currently stands at twenty-oneRead MoreEssay about Modern Technology: Are We Too Dependent?1256 Words   |  6 Pagesa major part of people’s lives. The American Society is straying away from their roots as a nature loving community and becoming a community dependent on technology. If comparing stories told by my father about his childhood to those of mine, just one generation apart, drastic differences would be seen. Stories told by my father were of him and his brothers building forts in the woods, going camping for days with neighborhood friends and playing in the woods all day until my grandmother wouldRead MoreDriving Is A Wonderful Privilege And A Pleasure For Many1105 Words   |  5 Pagesget away from nagging parents and siblings, and a way for a kid to have a little responsibility. Even though people think most students who are of age to get a driver’s license would have one, research is showing that the average age a person first gets their license is going up. Regardless of the age when a teenager receives their license, the number of passengers for teen drivers should be limited. New drivers spend many hours on the road with friends. Between working, driving to sporting eventsRead MoreWhat The Everyone ` S A Winner Concept1595 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Let first establish what the everyone`s a winner concept is in the most basic terms. It can be put into simple terms using a example like sports. With the everyone s a winner concept mindset in sports, everyone who shows up gets a reward just for showing up to the game with you gear on. The score and outcome of the game doesn t not matter with this mindset. The winners and the quote on quote losers all get the same treatment as if they won. Everyone gets a trophy in this case. A primeRead MoreReview Of Jiro Dreams Of Sushi 1732 Words   |  7 Pageson older adults in Japan and how their numbers have changed over the years. The film â€Å"Jiro Dreams of Sushi† will also be discussed as an example of one older adult’s experiences of life in Japan. While this film is obviously not everyone’s experience and cannot be generalized to everyone, it is an interesting perspective on this one Japanese man’s life and raises interesting questions of how the viewer wo uld like to see themselves spend their time as they age. In Japan, like many other countriesRead MoreFavors for and Against Lowering the Legal Drinking Age771 Words   |  4 PagesFactors In Favor of and Against Khimley Young Critical Thinking and Problem Solving/ Hum 200 AOS Instructor Dr. Steven Mathews October 24, 2012 Lowering the Legal Drinking Age to 18: Yea or Nay Argument in Favor of Lowering the Legal Drinking Age The age of 18 is a transitional point in life. An 18-year=old can vote, marry, enlist in the military and buy cigarettes. To some it’s absurd that an 18-year-old can vote politicians into office and fight wars for the country but cannotRead MoreThe Drinking Age Should Be 21 Years Of Age1663 Words   |  7 PagesThe drinking age should be 21 years of age. Underage drinking is a major problem in the world that has claimed many lives. There are multiple ways to die from alcohol: alcohol poisoning, drunk driving, and many other ways. No doubt about it, alcohol just starts trouble. Have you ever wondered what the leading reason for car crashes is? It isn’t texting or any usage of the phone. It is fully driving under the influence. Millions of Americans are pulled over and given a ticket for driving under the

Impact of a Targeted Land Distribution Program

Question: Prove the following statement using the potential outcomes framework: If the stable unit treatment value assumption holds and selection bias is equal to zero then the difference in means between treatment and control groups is an unbiased estimate of the average treatment effect on the treated? Answer: The objective of program evaluation is to evaluate the net difference, which appears with respect to the difference between treated and non-treated groups should be attributed to the intervention. Notably in this condition, other variables are constant (Benjamin, 2012). Considering the study of treatment effect over the heterogeneity, the coefficient for any indicator variable is obvious not to reflect the complexity existing in the treatment effects. The most important consideration in this regard is the treatment assignment assumption (Accetturo De Blasio, 2012). For example in the case of the analytical approach, the results are not dependent on the assumptions. Thus, they depend on the distributional and functional forms. On the contrary, when rebalancing approach is being used, the condition becomes more alike to the results that are generated by randomization.To resolve such challenges, counterfactual statistical methods such as Heckmans sampling, propensity scoring-matching, score sub-classification, score weighting and matching estimators models are useful. The hypothesis is holding a stable unit of treatment value and zero value for selection bias, relates with instrumental variable estimator. For a linear population model, y = 0 + 1x1 + 2x2 + kxk + E(s) = 0, Cov(xf, ) = 0, Cov(xk, ) 0, j=1, . , K-1. Here xk is correlated with and that xk is potentially endogenous. Here is believed to contain one omitted variable and is not correlated with any explanatory variables except xk. To resolve this, an observed variable z is essential to incorporate, such that z is not correlated with and z is not correlated with xk In other case, the model considered as y = x + Where, it contains the constants, x = (1, x2, , xk) and the exogenous variables is denoted with z = (1, x2, , xk-1, z) In practical measures, finding an exact value for the instrumental variable z is challenging. This z does not correlate with the regression model that links with endogeneity but it is correlated with independent variables which causes endogeneity. This was resolved by Angrist, in their study (Angrist Imbens, 1995), which focus over effect of education on wages. In this case, the residual for the regression was correlated with education, as it contains omitted ability. The authors used dichotomous variable, where the concers subjects were categorized as either born in first quarter of birth year (=1) or in remaining quarters (=0). Here they argued that compulsory school attendance was induced over people to attend school and thus, there exists a relationship between education and quarter of birth. Notably the quarter is a random variable and this not correlated with omitted variables of regression model. Hence they suggest that non-ignorability should be avoided in the treatment received, for any indicator variable. Rather a precise and straightforward casual interpretation is needed. Such interpretation can avoid the constant effect imposed over all the units and hence it delineates the critical assumptions. Thus the focus is more over average casual effect on outcome. This is also proved with (local average treatment effect) (Angrist Pischke, 2010): EE ITT (ATE) TT Nave ATE Where EE is efficacy effect, ITT is intent-to-treat, ATE is average treatment effect, TT is the average treatment effect for treated, and nave is opposite to ignorable variable. Reference: Benjamin, D., Brandt, L., McCaig, B., Le Hoa, N. (2012). Evaluating the impact of a targeted land distribution program: Evidence from Vietnam (No. tecipa-461). Accetturo, A., De Blasio, G. (2012). Policies for local development: An evaluation of Italy's Patti Territoriali. Regional Science and Urban Economics, 42(1), 15-26. Angrist, J., Imbens, G. (1995). Identification and estimation of local average treatment effects. Angrist, J., Pischke, J. S. (2010). The credibility revolution in empirical economics: How better research design is taking the con out of econometrics (No. w15794). National Bureau of Economic Research.